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you

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[Music]

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yeah part of this park was already given

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and so I imagined Lubar as being a giant

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telescope that we probably park at l2 so

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beyond the moon it lasts for a century

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right lasts for decades and it is a

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serviceable Oh John are you down to go

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to l2 and it takes a couple of weeks

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right or you can do a lot by robotic Lee

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but this is really a grand sort of

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vision I think it's also we should think

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of this not so much in isolation I would

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really love to see NASA develop the idea

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of an l2 Observatory where maybe NASA

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sets up the infrastructure and whatever

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we do for exoplanets is one of the

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missions I think the other studies far

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infrared and the high-energy emissions

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should be done as well but you can

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imagine then having China deliver an

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instrument or a or a toast go up to the

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l2 observatory right and we can partner

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that way to actually all do more so play

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a little bit about what we've been

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working on with revoir and the first

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thing I wanted to talk about is the name

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right so you already heard large

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ultraviolet optical infrared telescope

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and when a lot of people see this the

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name they pronounce it the wah okay like

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it's French all right you you pronounce

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it like a pirate the war okay so maybe

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we need to practice that is the war

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alright and so this is a space telescope

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in the tradition of Hubble that will

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last for a long time it has very broad

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science capabilities it extends from the

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far UV to the near IR band Paso's I'll

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show you a little bit more about that

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through the top and the wind paw hertz

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asked us to study this mission concept

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you know he said think about something

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in the range of 12 meter telescope or 15

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meter telescope but then I want you to

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tell me what we get scientifically if we

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put another ring of mirrors around this

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segmented telescope so it's truly a

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grand sort of vision we've been working

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on the types of instruments that we

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would have and where we think

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this as you heard all new missions that

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of this sort of scope have to be

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serviceable ok so we have to plan for

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that from the beginning that the

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instruments can be upgraded it would be

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the space observatory for the 21st

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century right an incredible way to

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answer questions that we haven't even

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began to ask yet and to sort of put this

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in context imagine astronomy today

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without Hubble right how different it

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would be without these sorts of pictures

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that we have and so that's what we're

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trying to imagine how astronomy will be

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changed when we go to Louvre are so here

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are some simulations you see a

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hypothetical planet 9 on the left-hand

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column are the actual observations that

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the pinwheel galaxy and then you see how

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these images would look with different

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telescopes which with the hubble space

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telescope with a small have x or

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lukewarm mission a 16 metre telescope

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and with something that's like you know

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at 16 18 meters in diameter so so size

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does matter

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you can learn this is a telescope that

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we envision will be for exoplanets

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astrobiology but will also serve the

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entire astronomical community will be

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able to study better how galaxies form

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and assemble their first stars so these

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rings show you in some sense the

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physical distance that we can go out

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into into the universe right the Hubble

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Space Telescope has given us these

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unbelievable pictures at the Deep Field

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and early galaxies JWST will be able to

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look a little bit further out and then

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depending on the size of the of a louvre

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our telescope 8 meters to 16 meters will

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make the difference between being able

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to actually see a large number of

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elliptical galaxies giant elliptical

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galaxies and understand those so leVoir

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will help us to reach out to 12 mega

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parsecs with incredible resolution we'll

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be able to actually resolve stars

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in the galaxies at these distances you

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already saw this one of these images in

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John's talk but the Europa Jets served

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with HST would have this kind of a

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resolution with leVoir so we're

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imagining that this is a Space Telescope

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that also serves the planetary science

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community people studying the solar

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system and then the killer app for the

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apps icon folks here is our ability to

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use a coronagraph and take images of

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Venus and Earth and Jupiter like planets

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orbiting stars this is an example a

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simulation of a solar system that's

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thirteen parsecs away and it has a

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coronagraph on a 12 meter telescope so

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it's the kind of resolution and images

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that you can expect to see we can then

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begin to take spectra of those dots if

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we can null out the light from the star

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the inner working angle is about 4

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lambda over D allows us at 13 parsecs to

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be able to easily resolve Venus and

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certainly earth in a solar system analog

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so again the bio signatures are really

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what we're after right you can imagine

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looking for Rayleigh scattering but we

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also would like to be able to resolve

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oxygen see if there's water vapor see if

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there's methane coming out of the back

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ends or some cows on those planets and

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this means that we have to look from 0.4

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microns to 2.4 microns for the optical

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and near-infrared spectroscopy with the

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resolution of about 150 so a reality

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check is that this shows a spectrum of a

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modern earth and you see the wavelength

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range going again from point four to

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about two point five where the error

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bars get very large because the thermal

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background from the telescope is so high

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and if we looked at the Archaean earth

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so we heard about this this morning you

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know maybe we're looking at planets that

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are habitable worlds but they don't

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really quite look like ours

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you'd still be able to resolve whether

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or not there are these important oxygen

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or o3 signatures in the spectra so it

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allows us to have access to an

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incredible range of molecules and that

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helps us to understand the atmospheres

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we'll be able to see bands of oxygen

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ozone oh four hi h2o carbon monoxide

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carbon dioxide and methane and the key

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is that will have multiple bands of the

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same molecules this isn't for anyone who

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does spectroscopy you understand how

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important this is to be able to have a

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secure abundance measurement the broad

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spectral band pass and the ultraviolet

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spectrum of the star can probably help

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us to rule out the false positive oxygen

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signatures bio signatures that we heard

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about at the end of the morning sessions

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and since the interworking angle with a

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large loop our telescope allows us to

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see planets like the earth at longer

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wavelengths will that will again give us

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more access to these incredible bio

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signatures we've done trade studies so

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there's another concept mission that's

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being studied have X and have X and

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lawar and some sense are a continuum of

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science both missions want to look at

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bio signatures both missions want to

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have some cosmic origin applications and

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it really comes down to a difference I

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think in the quantity of what we'll be

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able to measure so with a four meter

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telescope we'll hope to be able to

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detect something like six earth

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candidates when we increase the

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telescope size to eight meters the

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number goes up to about 25 and as we go

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up to a 16 meter telescope

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we're talking about being able to detect

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with a coronagraph chronographic imaging

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something like 100 earth candidates we

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think that isn't important because it's

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likely that not every one of these earth

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candidates will have spectral signatures

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bio signatures so if the frequency of

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habitable worlds is something like 10

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% then we'd like to have something like

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30 candidates right to be able to

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guarantee seeing one earth analog

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signature at with high confidence I

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think the most amazing thing is I

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remember in the early days of before

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Kepler was launched right and Kepler was

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going to measure a de sub earth and that

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was the most important thing and that

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was the that was the science goal that

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we were all focused on and what none of

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us really imagined or thought about was

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what Kepler would really discover this

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incredible zoo of exoplanets what a

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mission like would we have not funded

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Kepler if we would have known that a

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disturber was going to be this hard

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right and throwing away all of this

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incredible science so I think that's the

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kind of thing that we can expect from a

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large telescope that can collect spectra

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of exoplanet atmospheres we're going to

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learn so much about what these planets

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are like so there are some real

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observational challenges first of all to

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find faint planets sitting next to

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bright stars you have to use a

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coronagraph so the solution that we

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envision is an optical and near-infrared

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coronagraph with contrast ratios of 10

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to the minus 10 that allows you to

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actually begin to see an EXO

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we would have multi resolution

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spectroscopy so in a band pass over

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point 2 2 2 and 2.4 microns and this is

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technology development that's happening

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right now with w first for the w first

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coronagraph so a lawar mission is going

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to be able to draw on the experiences of

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the space missions that are being built

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right now another problem is the

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ultraviolet ultraviolet is so incredibly

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useful for understanding the atmosphere

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and the conditions of habitability we

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can't see the ultraviolet through the

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Earth's atmosphere so our plan is an

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instrument which we're called calling

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Loomis this is in the instrument design

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lab right now at Goddard Space Flight

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Center where we're trying to sort of go

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through the exercise of planning what

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this instrument would look like so in

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part so we can figure out the technical

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challenges and in Part 2

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we can cost develop a cost model for the

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instrument so this would the Lumos would

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do far UV to near UV spectroscopy the

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pi/4 this instrument is Kevin France

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would do near UV imaging and in essence

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it would be a major upgrade of stiffs on

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the Hubble Space Telescope for any of

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you who use that instrument another

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challenge is imaging very wide field at

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high resolution and so the solution to

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that is the high-definition imager Mark

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postman at Space Telescope is leading

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this instrument as a sort of pie the

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idea is to have a 2 by 3 arc minute

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field of view again it's an optical to

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infrared a bandpass and do incredible

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high-precision Strama tree so mike Chou

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has come up with an idea of using a

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couple of single mode fiber fed lasers

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to calibrate at the level of 10 to the

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minus fourth the pixel positions and to

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actually measure exoplanet masses

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another challenge is actually measuring

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the molecules so that here we envision

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an optical near infrared spectrograph

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Courteney dressing is going to be

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leading this study will have multiple

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resolutions nominally about a hundred

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thousand and this will allow us to have

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very high photometric precision for

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transit observations we're not sure

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we're about one of the other things we

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might do is is have the ability to

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measure high-precision radial velocities

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so that we can get masses of the

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exoplanets and coupled with the

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spectroscopic measurements we'll be able

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to interpret the data more reliably one

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of our European partners in France is

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building Pollock's a which is a UV

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spectra pool limiter polarimeter and it

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will work with the Lumos instrument and

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so and this is an example of a

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partnership with the international

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community all of you are encouraged to

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go to the Louvre our simulation page

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where you can see four different

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exposure times and different choices of

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aperture exactly what kind of

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you could get out of this these missions

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we're also encouraging you to come and

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give us some feedback right now there's

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a tech team that's examining the

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technological challenges to move our I'm

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one of them the deployment of levar will

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be tested by the James Webb Space

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Telescope there are other technical

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challenges first of all how do you we're

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going to need a heavy launch vehicle

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lift vehicle right with a large fairing

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to be able to get the segment's for a 16

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meter telescope into space we're working

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on compatibility of ultraviolet and UV

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the UV with choreography and high

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contrast observations and choreography

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with as segmented telescope

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these look like solvable solutions this

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is again one I'll go quickly through

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these slides one of just four mission

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concept studies that are being done

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right now there are two lawar mission

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architectures were studying we're

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imagining an aperture size of 15 meters

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on one of nine meters and these are set

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because they stopped because of the

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fairings that are available right now

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for launch vehicles the study office and

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engineering team is at Goddard and we've

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got a team of people's 24 of stdt

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members in the community and working

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groups studying all of these questions

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along with five instrument teams here

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are the pictures of the folks so often

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people ask so I'll anticipate some

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questions right now what is the

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difference between have X and lawar and

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we've worked together as a team to try

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and come up with an answer that we think

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will work that you know that we both

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agree upon first of all both of them

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have the science school of measuring

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habitable planets and bio signatures and

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both of them have the goal of doing

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broad astrophysics it's really more a

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matter of quantity how much you'll be

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able to do with the smaller telescope

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and the larger telescope so similar

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goals but different sort of quantitative

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levels of ambition for these two studies

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and then finally anticipating a question

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how much is it going to cost and the

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answer is we don't know

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that's why we're doing this study right

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now to try and get a sense of what this

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will cost so as John said it's not

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straightforward to estimate to our to

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extrapolate a cost for a large mission

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and then I'll put our summary slide up

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here that our primary goals are

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habitable exoplanets and bio signatures

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but also a large range of fundamental